10 Dog Breeds Most Likely to Bite (And What You Should Know)

Dog Bites Are More Common Than You Think

Dog bites pose a serious public safety concern, with millions of incidents occurring each year. In the United States alone, an estimated 4.5 million people are bitten by dogs annually, and about 800,000 of those bites require medical attention. Children are particularly at risk – bites happen most often at home or in familiar settings, and kids frequently make up a large share of victims. While any dog can bite if provoked or poorly trained, studies and statistics have shown that some breeds tend to be involved in biting incidents more often or inflict more severe injuries, than others. These trends can be attributed to a variety of factors, including a breed’s size, strength, instincts, popularity, and how it is raised or managed by its owners.

It’s important to note that highlighting breeds with higher bite statistics does not mean every dog of that breed is dangerous. Often, the circumstances of a dog’s upbringing and environment play a bigger role than breed alone. In fact, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) reviewed decades of data and concluded that no single breed is a reliable predictor of aggression – factors like an owner’s behavior, training practices, the dog’s sex and neutering status, and the environment are far better indicators. Breed data can also be skewed by reporting biases (severe attacks by large dogs are more likely to be reported) and breed popularity in a given region.

That said, understanding which breeds appear frequently in bite reports or liability claims can help owners and the public stay informed. Below, we discuss 10 dog breeds (or types) that are most often linked to bites or attacks, based on studies from the CDC, AVMA, insurance industry data, and other reliable sources. We’ll also discuss why these breeds appear in the statistics and how responsible ownership and proper training are essential for all dogs to prevent bites.

1. Pit Bull Terriers (Pit Bull-Type Dogs)

Pit bull-type dogs consistently appear at the top of bite statistics and are often associated with severe or fatal injuries. “Pit bull” usually refers to several breeds and mixes (such as American Staffordshire Terriers, American Pit Bull Terriers, and others with similar features). According to one extensive review by the AVMA, pit bulls were involved in about 28% of recorded dog bite fatalities over a 20-year period (1979–1998). More recent data continue to show a similar pattern: by some estimates, pit bull-type dogs account for roughly two-thirds of fatal dog attacks in the U.S. This is largely due to their size and powerful jaws, which can cause significant damage when they bite.

It’s crucial to understand that these statistics do not mean all pit bulls are aggressive by nature. In fact, pit bulls can be loyal, loving pets when raised in a caring environment. Many pit bull bites and attacks trace back to irresponsible ownership – such as dogs that are neglected, abused, poorly socialized, or even deliberately trained to be aggressive. Because of some well-publicized incidents, pit bulls have become the subject of breed-specific legislation (BSL) in certain communities, where they face restrictions or bans. Some insurance companies also label pit bulls as a high-risk breed, charging higher premiums or refusing homeowner coverage to pit bull owners. Critics of these policies argue that focusing on breed is misguided – it would be more effective to target negligent owners and enforce training and leash laws. If you own a pit bull (or any strong breed), it’s essential to invest in proper training, socialization, and secure fencing/leashing. Likewise, if you encounter an unfamiliar pit bull, use caution and never assume any dog “wouldn’t bite”. The key lesson from pit bull statistics is that strength + poor handling can be a dangerous combination, and both owners and the public need to be mindful and responsible.

2. Rottweilers

Rottweilers are large, muscular dogs known for their guarding instincts, and they rank near the top of most lists of breeds involved in serious bite incidents. Historically, Rottweilers were responsible for a significant share of severe attacks. For example, an AVMA study found that Rottweilers were the second most frequently implicated breed in fatal dog attacks from 1979 to 1998 (with 39 fatalities in that period). At one point in the mid-1990s, Rottweilers even surpassed pit bulls in the number of deadly attacks in a given year – the CDC reported that in 1995–1996, Rottweilers were the most common breed involved in fatal dog bite cases in the U.S. More recent compilations continue to cite Rottweilers as the #2 breed (behind pit bulls) in deadly attacks nationwide. Because Rottweilers are strong and can weigh 100+ pounds, any bite by an untrained or agitated Rottweiler can cause severe injury.

However, like pit bulls, Rottweilers are not “born vicious”. In fact, they are often quite loyal, intelligent, and even gentle in a responsible home. The breed’s reputation for aggression usually stems from specific situations: lack of proper training, poor socialization, or owners who encourage guarding and aggressive behavior. Rottweilers are protective by nature – they were bred as working guard dogs – so they require consistent training and firm, but positive, leadership from their owners. Without those, a Rottweiler might resort to biting when it perceives a threat. From a liability standpoint, insurance companies often flag Rottweilers as high-risk (sometimes alongside pit bulls) and may impose conditions or exclusions for Rottweiler owners. For the general public, it’s wise to exercise caution around unfamiliar Rottweilers, especially if the dog is unsupervised. For owners, remember that you can be held responsible if your Rottweiler injures someone, and with recent legal trends, negligence in controlling a large dog can lead to serious liability. Fortunately, with proper care, Rottweilers can be wonderful family dogs – many never bite at all. It’s all about responsible ownership: train them early, socialize them well, and always supervise them around strangers or children.

3. German Shepherds

German Shepherds are another breed frequently appearing in bite statistics, likely in part because they are one of the most popular dog breeds in America. As highly intelligent, loyal, and versatile dogs, German Shepherds often work in police, military, and security roles – jobs that require some level of controlled aggression. In everyday life, that protective instinct can sometimes manifest as a bite if the dog perceives a threat to its owner or territory. Studies have repeatedly found German Shepherds to be among the breeds most often implicated in biting incidents. In terms of severe attacks, German Shepherds were involved in roughly 17 fatal dog attacks in the U.S. from 1979 to 1998, according to the AVMA’s analysis, and they continue to rank in the top tiers for bite frequency in many reports. One study of dog bite injuries even found German Shepherds to be third on the list of breeds most responsible for bites (after pit bulls and mixed-breeds).

Despite these numbers, it’s important to remember that German Shepherds are generally very trainable and well-behaved with proper guidance. Many bites involving this breed occur when a German Shepherd is not properly socialized or trained. For instance, a shepherd that has been isolated in a backyard without exposure to strangers might react aggressively when it finally encounters an unfamiliar person or child. Additionally, some German Shepherd bites happen because the dog was doing what it was trained to do (such as a poorly controlled guard dog or a protection dog that wasn’t given the correct cues). If you own a German Shepherd, training and socialization are absolutely essential. This breed thrives on having a job or direction; without mental stimulation or clear leadership, they can become anxious or overprotective. From a legal perspective, German Shepherd owners in many states (including New York) can now be held liable if they fail to control their dog – even if the dog had no prior bite history. So, ensuring your German Shepherd is obedient and not put in situations where it feels the need to bite is both a safety measure and a protection against liability. For non-owners, treating German Shepherds with respect (no sudden approach or rough play, especially with working-line dogs) is wise. In the end, German Shepherds make amazing companions and service dogs, and bites are preventable with responsible ownership.

4. Mixed-Breed Dogs

It might sound odd to include “mixed-breed” in a list of breeds, but mixed-breed (mutt) dogs actually account for a large portion of bites simply because they make up a large portion of the dog population. Many studies categorize “mixed-breed” dogs as their own category and have found that mixed-breed dogs are frequently involved in bite incidents. For example, a study by the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) looking at bites to the face found that after pit bulls, mixed-breed dogs were the next most likely to be implicated, followed by German Shepherds. In terms of fatalities, mixed-breed dogs are also represented – one analysis showed mixed-breeds accounting for around 4% of fatal attacks, which is notable given that no single mixed-breed type predominates.

Of course, “mixed-breed” is an incredibly broad category. Mixed dogs can range from tiny lapdog mixes to large, powerful crosses. Their temperaments vary widely depending on their genetic makeup and upbringing. Why do mixed-breed dogs appear so often in bite stats? One simple reason is population – mixed-breeds are very common, so by sheer numbers, they will be involved in many incidents. Another reason may be that some mixed-breed dogs come from uncertain backgrounds; a dog of unknown heritage might have behavior issues if it had a rough start in life or inconsistent training. Additionally, people might be less cautious or aware of a mixed-breed dog’s tendencies compared to a known breed (where they might anticipate a herding dog to nip, a guarding dog to protect, etc.). It’s also worth noting that when bites are reported in the media or even in studies, if the dog doesn’t clearly belong to a recognized breed, it may be logged as a “mixed breed” by default.

From a safety and liability standpoint, you should approach any unfamiliar dog with the same caution, mixed-breed or purebred. Don’t assume a mutt is harmless just because it’s not one of the “scary breeds” – behavior depends on the individual dog and its training. Likewise, if you own a mixed-breed, you have the same responsibility as any dog owner to train and socialize your pet. Mixed-breed owners sometimes face fewer breed-specific insurance hurdles (since the dog isn’t a designated breed like pit or Rottweiler), but remember that once any dog has bitten someone, insurers may exclude that dog from coverage or raise your premiums. In summary, mixed-breed dogs can be wonderful, but they are not immune to biting – they reflect the general dog population, good and bad. Always judge the dog in front of you, not the label.

5. Chow Chows

Chow Chows are often cited as a breed to be cautious around, largely due to their strong-willed and territorial nature. In various studies, Chow Chows rank among the breeds most frequently involved in bite incidents. Even the CDC documented cases of Chow Chows inflicting fatal bites – one example from a 1995 report involved a family Chow Chow that tragically killed a newborn in Pennsylvania. Chows are medium-sized but very powerful dogs, known for their leonine appearance and blue-black tongues. They tend to be aloof and suspicious of strangers by temperament, which can translate into aggressive behavior if the dog feels threatened or if someone encroaches on its territory. Many insurance companies include Chow Chows on their list of restricted breeds because of the breed’s bite history (home insurers have been known to raise premiums or deny coverage for Chow owners, akin to the treatment of pit bulls and Rottweilers).

Why are Chow Chows more prone to biting? Part of it is their historical role and personality. Chows originated in China as guard dogs and hunting dogs, and they retain a strong instinct to protect their home. They are typically very loyal to their family but not particularly affectionate with outsiders. Without proper socialization, a Chow Chow might view any unfamiliar person (or dog) as a potential threat. Additionally, Chows can be less tolerant of teasing or mishandling – for example, a child pulling on a Chow’s fur might provoke a snap. Physically, Chow’s bites can be serious; they have a strong jaw and a stout build.

For owners of Chow Chows, early socialization is key. Introducing your Chow to a variety of people and situations when young can help curb their natural wariness. Training them to obey commands and not to resource-guard (i.e., aggressively protect food or toys) is also critical. From a legal perspective, a Chow Chow owner needs to be aware that if their dog bites someone, a court or jury might be influenced by the breed’s reputation, which means demonstrating that you took precautions (like proper fencing, leashing, and training) is important for your defense. For everyone else, it’s wise to give a Chow Chow space when you meet one. Don’t rush up to pet a Chow, and heed any warning signs (growling, stiff posture). Respecting a Chow’s boundaries can go a long way in avoiding a bite. In summary, Chow Chows can make loving pets for those who understand them, but their independent and protective streak means they require careful handling to prevent bites.

6. Jack Russell Terriers

It’s not only large dogs that bite – small dogs can be surprisingly feisty. One small breed that shows up in bite statistics is the Jack Russell Terrier (also known as the Parson Russell Terrier). Jack Russells are energetic, fearless little dogs originally bred for fox hunting, which means they have a strong prey drive and a big personality packed into a small body. Several studies have found Jack Russells to be disproportionately involved in biting incidents, considering their size. In fact, the AVMA literature review on dog bites lists Jack Russell Terriers among the breeds “highly represented” in bite reports across multiple studies. These bites typically aren’t fatal or as severe as those from large breeds, but a Jack Russell can cause significant injury, especially to children (who are often at the same eye level as the dog and may get nipped in the face).

Why would a Jack Russell bite? Think of it from the dog’s perspective: they are small, so if they feel threatened or cornered, they might resort to biting more quickly than a big dog would (a big dog might be more confident or easier to retreat). Jack Russells are also known for being high-strung and possessive. They often won’t back down from a confrontation, even if the “opponent” is much larger. They may bite out of excitement, frustration, or to assert dominance over what they consider “their” space or toys. Additionally, some Jack Russells have what owners call a “Napoleon complex” – they don’t seem to realize they are small, and they’ll snap or bite to challenge anyone they perceive as overstepping. There have even been cases of Jack Russells inflicting serious bites on infants, likely because the dog’s hunting instincts were triggered by a baby’s cries or movements (though such cases are rare, they’re a reminder to never leave any dog unattended with young children).

From a legal viewpoint, small dogs like Jack Russells are not exempt from liability. Even if the injuries are not life-threatening, a bite that causes puncture wounds, scarring, or infection can lead to a personal injury claim. As an owner, you should treat your Jack Russell’s training just as seriously as you would a big dog’s. Training a terrier not to bite or snap is crucial, as is giving it plenty of exercise to burn off energy (a bored, under-exercised Jack Russell is a bite waiting to happen). Socialization can help too, but terriers will always have a bit of that bold streak. If you’re interacting with someone else’s Jack Russell, don’t underestimate it because it’s small – approach calmly, let the dog come to you, and avoid rough play. In essence, Jack Russells are wonderful, intelligent dogs, but they pack a punch. Their prevalence in bite statistics teaches us that even a little dog can cause big trouble if not properly managed.

7. Spaniels (e.g., Cocker Spaniels)

Spaniels, particularly Cocker Spaniels, might surprise some people by showing up on a “likely to bite” list. After all, Cocker Spaniels are often seen as sweet family pets. However, multiple studies have indeed noted spaniels among the breeds frequently involved in bites or attacks. The term “spaniel” in these reports often refers to Cocker Spaniels, since they have been immensely popular (especially in past decades) and thus figure more in bite statistics simply by their numbers. In fact, back in the 1980s and 90s, Cocker Spaniels were so common in American households that there were many recorded bite incidents involving them – enough that some researchers identified a phenomenon colloquially called “Cocker rage,” referring to unpredictable aggression seen in some poorly bred lines of Cocker Spaniels. While that term is controversial and not an official diagnosis, it points to the fact that Spaniels are not universally mild-mannered. They can and do bite under certain circumstances.

A Cocker Spaniel’s bites are usually not as severe as those from large dogs, but they can still cause serious facial injuries, especially to children. Why do spaniels bite? There are a few reasons. First, Cockers and other spaniels can be prone to resource guarding – they might snap if someone tries to take away their food or toy. They can also be fear-biters; if a spaniel is startled (say, by a person suddenly hugging or approaching them from behind), they might bite out of fear or reflex. Some spaniels have issues with dominance or possessiveness, which can lead to nipping to “correct” what they see as misbehavior in humans (for instance, a Cocker might nip a child who is bothering it). Additionally, due to intensive breeding, some Cockers in the past developed temperament issues. The good news is that reputable breeders have worked to improve the breed’s overall temperament in recent years. However, as with any breed, individual dogs within the breed still vary.

From a prevention standpoint, if you have a spaniel, pay attention to warning signs. Growling, lip-lifting, or a stiffening when you approach their food or bed can indicate a risk of biting – these are things a trainer or behaviorist can help you address. Positive reinforcement training can help a spaniel become more comfortable with people near their valued items. Also, make sure spaniels are treated gently; they are sensitive dogs, and harsh treatment can backfire and make them fearfully aggressive. Legally, spaniels don’t carry the “dangerous breed” label, so insurance usually doesn’t blacklist them the way it might for pit bulls or chows. But that doesn’t protect a spaniel’s owner from liability if a serious bite occurs. New York, like many states, imposes liability on dog owners for bite injuries (with some exceptions), so even a Cocker Spaniel’s owner could face a lawsuit if their dog injures a guest or neighbor. The lesson here is that being a smaller, family-oriented breed doesn’t make a dog incapable of biting. We should never assume any breed is 100% safe – always supervise interactions between dogs and children, and be an attentive owner, no matter your dog’s breed reputation.

8. Collies

Collies (for example, the Rough Collie popularized by “Lassie,” as well as Border Collies in some contexts) are generally seen as intelligent, herding dogs that love to work with people. It might be a surprise to see them on a list of breeds likely to bite. However, collies have been identified in research as a breed that is frequently represented in bite statistics. This doesn’t necessarily mean collies are aggressive – in fact, they are usually very people-oriented. The bites from collies often stem from their herding instincts or fear reactions. A classic behavior of many herding breeds, including collies and shepherds, is to nip at the heels or legs of moving creatures (that’s how they control livestock). If a collie isn’t trained out of this behavior, it might try to herd running children by nipping at them. What might seem like a gentle nip to the dog can still hurt or scare a child and counts as a bite incident. There have been reports of collies nipping joggers or bicyclists for similar reasons – the fast motion can trigger their chase-and-nip reflex.

Another factor is that Collies are sensitive dogs. Rough Collies in particular can be timid if not well socialized, and a fearful collie might resort to a bite if cornered or very startled. Additionally, because collies are not typically perceived as “dangerous,” people may not be as cautious around them, potentially leading to situations where a collie is pushed beyond its comfort zone (for instance, multiple children hugging or climbing on a dog). There have even been serious bite incidents with Border Collies in working scenarios, although those are rarer.

Statistically, collies don’t account for a large percentage of severe attacks – you rarely (if ever) hear of a fatal collie attack. But their presence in bite studies is a reminder that even the breeds famous for rescuing children (like Lassie) have their limits. From a liability perspective, an owner of a collie should be aware that their dog’s herding nips can legally be considered bites. If your collie has a habit of chasing and pinching at heels, that behavior needs to be addressed, because if someone gets injured, you could be on the hook. Fortunately, collies are very trainable. With proper obedience training, you can channel their instincts into non-harmful activities (like agility or fetch) instead of chasing people. Also, giving a collie plenty of exercise and mental stimulation will reduce the chances that it tries to herd everything in sight out of boredom. For non-owners encountering a collie, it’s usually enough to just not engage in wild running or rough play around the dog unless you know it’s trained for that – in other words, don’t treat a collie like a pony for children to ride or a wolf to run from, and you likely won’t get bitten. Collies, in short, are good dogs with a specialized instinct, and when mismanaged, that instinct can lead to nips or bites that surprise people. Awareness and training go a long way to prevent those incidents.

9. Saint Bernards

Saint Bernards are giant dogs known for their historically gentle image (the classic Alpine rescue dog with a brandy barrel around its neck). They are generally calm and great with their families. However, their massive size (often 120–180 pounds) means that if and when a Saint Bernard does bite, the damage can be quite severe. Saint Bernards have appeared in studies of biting breeds, often listed among those involved in reported bite incidents. This inclusion might be partly due to a few high-profile cases and the fact that any incident with such a large dog is likely to be noted. While Saint Bernard bites are not extremely common, when they do occur, they tend to make the news because of the shocking idea of a “gentle giant” causing harm.

There are a few reasons a Saint Bernard might bite. One is pain or illness – giant breeds can develop ailments like hip dysplasia or arthritis relatively young, and a normally docile Saint might snap if a child inadvertently climbs on a sore hip or pokes an ear infection. Another reason could be protectiveness. Saint Bernards are very devoted to their families; if one perceives someone as threatening its owner or (especially) the children it considers its wards, it may react as any protective dog would. There have also been cases where Saint Bernards became aggressive due to poor training or mistreatment – like any breed, if you chain a Saint Bernard in a yard and don’t properly socialize it, you can create a dangerous situation. Additionally, because Saints are so large and strong, even a playful mouthing or a minor bite can cause significant injury due to their sheer force. A Saint Bernard that might just be giving a warning nip could inadvertently break skin or knock a person down easily.

For owners of Saint Bernards, the key advice is don’t become complacent just because your dog is usually mellow. Continue to train and socialize your Saint Bernard throughout its life. Given their size, it’s crucial they respond to basic commands – you must be able to physically control or recall your dog in situations that could escalate. Always supervise interactions with small children; a Saint Bernard might be 10 times the size of a toddler, so even non-aggressive behavior can pose a risk. Legally, a large dog is held to the same standard as any other in terms of liability, but the injuries they cause can lead to larger insurance claims and settlements simply due to medical costs (e.g., a severe bite from a giant breed might require surgery). In New York and other strict-liability states, an owner is liable if a dog injures someone, so owners of large breeds like Saint Bernards have a lot at stake in preventing bites. As for the public, most Saint Bernards you encounter will be gentle – often more likely to slobber on you than bite. But always ask the owner before petting, and be mindful that if a dog that size does seem agitated, you need to give it ample space. In summary, Saint Bernards are mostly gentle giants, but they have appeared in bite reports enough to remind us that any dog, even the “nanny dogs,” can cause harm if things go wrong.

10. Labrador Retrievers

Labrador Retrievers are America’s most popular dog breed and have a well-earned reputation as friendly, family-oriented dogs. It might be surprising to see Labs on a “most likely to bite” list. To be clear, Labradors are not inherently aggressive – in fact, they score well on temperament tests. However, because Labs are so numerous, they do show up in bite statistics simply by the weight of numbers. When a breed is everywhere, some percentage of those dogs will bite. Labs have been listed among breeds responsible for bites or attacks in various studies, often near the bottom of the “top 10” list. They have also been involved in a small share of fatal attacks (one data set found Labradors were responsible for about 2% of dog bite fatalities, which, in context, is only a handful of cases over many years). Typically, those rare fatal cases involve either an unusually aggressive individual or multiple dogs (for instance, a Lab mix in a pack of strays).

Most Labrador bites are not severe – a Lab might nip during over-exuberant play, or a poorly trained Lab might grab a hand that reaches for its food. Labs are strong (70+ pounds of muscle), so a bite can certainly hurt, but Labs don’t have the same reputation for causing severe injury as breeds like pit bulls or Rottweilers. That said, one common scenario for Lab bites is overexcitement: Labradors are boisterous and may jump and “play bite” if not taught manners. What a Lab sees as a play bite can still cause bruising or break the skin on a person. Another scenario can be pain-induced bites – as Labs age, they can suffer joint pain or vision loss, and a normally sweet Lab might snap if suddenly disturbed while sleeping or if a child unknowingly hurts them. Resource guarding can occasionally be an issue in some Labradors (they love their food, after all), so a food-aggressive Lab could bite if someone tries to take away a tasty treat.

From the perspective of liability and public perception, Labradors aren’t usually singled out as “dangerous” – you won’t find insurance companies banning Labs or cities passing laws against them. In fact, many people are very trustful of Labs, sometimes to a fault. This can lead to complacency: parents might leave a child unsupervised with the family Lab because “oh, he’s a Lab, he’d never bite,” and 99 times out of 100 that’s true… until the one time the dog is in pain or the child pulls its ear too hard. The lesson here is the same as with every breed: never assume a dog will never bite. Labs give plenty of warning signs (whining, growling, or retreating) when uncomfortable – those should always be heeded regardless of the dog’s easygoing reputation. If you own a Lab, do the standard due diligence: socialize them with people and other dogs, train them not to jump or mouth on people, and keep up with their veterinary care to manage any health issues that could affect their behavior. Fortunately, because Labs are so people-friendly and eager to please, they respond well to training and structure. They remain one of the safest breeds overall when properly managed. Just remember that “safe” doesn’t mean “incapable of biting”. Labrador owners and enthusiasts often say, “He wouldn’t hurt a fly” – and hopefully that’s true – but it’s our job as owners to make sure we never put our beloved Labs in a position where they feel they have to bite.

Beyond the Breed: Why Any Dog Can Bite and How to Prevent It

Reading about the breeds above, one theme should stand out: in almost every case, the difference between a safe family pet and a bite incident comes down to human responsibility. Regardless of breed, dogs have certain triggers and instincts. All dogs can bite under the wrong circumstances. In fact, researchers emphasize that breed is not a dependable predictor of aggression – it’s far more crucial to look at factors like how the dog was raised, its training, its sex and whether it’s neutered, and the environment it’s kept in. As the CDC has noted in its studies, a true measure of “dangerousness” would require knowing how many dogs of each breed are out there and in what conditions, which is data we simply don’t have. So, what can owners and the public do to reduce dog bites? Focus on the factors we can control:

Proper training and socialization: This is the number one preventive for bites. The CDC advises that dog owners, through selection, socialization, training, and proper care, can greatly reduce the likelihood of bites. Puppies should be gently exposed to a variety of people (including children, men, and women) and other dogs, so they learn to be comfortable in different scenarios. Obedience training teaches a dog to listen to commands like “Sit,” “Stay,” and “Leave it,” which can be critical if you need to defuse a potentially bad interaction. Training isn’t just for puppies – refresher courses or ongoing practice keep the dog’s skills sharp.
Spay/neuter your dog: Intact male dogs are much more likely to bite than females or neutered males. A lot of bites (and roaming behavior that can lead to bites) are driven by mating instincts and hormones. Neutering can reduce aggression in many cases and will also prevent roaming. Similarly, spaying a female can prevent some forms of defensive aggression that might occur when she’s in heat or protecting puppies.
Supervise interactions, especially with children: Never leave young children alone with a dog, even the trusted family pet. Many dog bites to children happen during everyday interactions because the child unintentionally provokes the dog – by pulling fur, startling the dog awake, taking the dog’s toy, etc. Most of those incidents are preventable with adult supervision. Children should also be taught how to respectfully interact with dogs: no teasing, no bothering a dog that’s eating or sleeping, and recognizing basic warning signs (growling, a dog baring its teeth, stiff body posture – those mean stay away!). As the CDC emphasizes, educational efforts directed at parents and kids are a crucial strategy for bite prevention.
Manage your dog’s environment: Many bites occur because a dog was put in a situation beyond its comfort zone. If you know your dog gets anxious around crowds or is territorial at home, don’t place it in a position to fail. Use leashes and possibly muzzles in public if necessary. At home, secure your property – many serious attacks involve dogs that were off-leash or escaped a yard. A sturdy fence and proper restraint can stop an incident before it starts. Also, avoid tethering a dog on a chain for long periods; studies have shown chained dogs can become frustrated and more likely to bite.
Watch for warning signs and body language: Dogs almost always give a warning before biting. Learn to read the signs – common ones include growling, snarling, raised hackles (the fur along the back), a stiff tail (or one tucked between the legs), and a defensive posture. If you see any of these, back off immediately. Teach children never to approach a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies, and to never run and scream around dogs (as this can trigger predatory chasing behavior). Instead, kids (and adults) should ask permission to pet a dog and let the dog sniff them first.
Address behavioral issues early: If your dog is showing signs of aggression – even minor ones like snapping or excessive guarding of food – consult with a veterinarian or professional dog trainer/behaviorist. Often, these issues can be corrected or managed if caught early. Don’t wait for a bite to happen. Early intervention can save you from a much bigger problem down the road.

By following these guidelines, most dog bites can be prevented. The onus is primarily on responsible dog ownership, but it’s also on the community – including parents, dog walkers, and anyone who interacts with dogs – to be educated on dog behavior. When everyone does their part, the number of bite incidents goes down, which is good for people and dogs alike (since bite incidents can sadly lead to dogs being euthanized or surrendered). Remember, dogs are our best friends, but even a friendly dog has teeth. Staying informed and cautious does not mean fearing dogs; it just means respecting them as animals with instincts.

Legal and Liability Considerations for Dog Bites

Beyond the personal trauma and physical injury, dog bites carry significant legal and financial consequences. If a dog bites someone, the incident can lead to insurance claims, lawsuits, and even criminal charges in extreme cases. Here are some key points about liability and how breed factors in (or doesn’t):

Dog owner liability: In most U.S. states, dog owners are legally responsible if their dog injures someone. The exact rules vary by state. A majority of states (including New York) follow a form of strict liability for dog bites – meaning the owner can be held liable even if the dog had never bitten before and the owner did nothing “wrong,” aside from the bite occurring. Other states have a “one-bite rule” or negligence standard, where an owner might escape liability for a first bite unless it can be shown they knew the dog was dangerous or were negligent in controlling the dog. Importantly, in any jurisdiction, if an owner is proven to have been negligent (say, letting a known aggressive dog run loose), they can usually be held liable for the injuries caused. From a practical standpoint, if you are bitten, you generally have the right to seek compensation for your injuries – the breed of the dog does not absolve the owner of responsibility. Likewise, if you own a dog, you should assume that you will be responsible for any damage your dog does, so taking precautions is both a moral and a financial imperative.
Insurance and dog bites: Most homeowner’s or renter’s insurance policies cover liability for dog bites (typically up to certain limits, like $100,000 or $300,000). In fact, dog bite claims are a big part of the insurance world. In 2024, over 22,000 dog bite claims were filed in the U.S., costing insurers around $1.6 billion – an average of about $69,000 per claim, a number that has been rising sharply in recent years. This reflects not just medical bills, but also legal settlements and judgments, which have been trending upward. Some states see especially high costs; for instance, New York has one of the highest average claim payouts (over $110,000). What does this mean for dog owners? If your dog bites someone, your insurance may cover it, but serious bites can easily exceed policy limits, leaving you personally on the hook for the remainder. Moreover, after a bite claim, it’s common for insurers to either raise your premiums, exclude the dog from coverage, or even cancel your policy. In some cases, if the bite was serious, the dog might be deemed a liability that the insurance will not tolerate going forward.
Breed restrictions by insurers: Here is where breed does come into play in the liability landscape. Some insurance companies have “breed lists” – if you own a dog of certain breeds (like those we discussed: pit bulls, Rottweilers, Chow Chows, etc.), they may refuse to issue you a homeowner’s policy or they might exclude dog bite coverage for that dog. Not all insurers do this; some evaluate dogs on an individual basis or don’t inquire about breed at all. But many large insurers historically have had guidelines about high-risk breeds. This can put owners of those breeds in a tough spot – they might have to pay extra for coverage or find specialty insurers. There’s pushback against this practice: a few states have passed laws forbidding insurance companies from denying coverage based on breed alone. For example, Pennsylvania and Michigan have laws that prohibit breed discrimination in insurance for certain policies. So the trend is slowly moving towards focusing on the individual dog’s history rather than its breed. Regardless, if you have a dog from a commonly “flagged” breed, it’s wise to check your insurance policy and perhaps shop around for an insurer that will cover you, or be prepared to take measures like Canine Good Citizen certifications or muzzle training to reassure an underwriter.
Breed-specific legislation (BSL): In addition to insurance, some local governments have laws targeting specific dog breeds. These can range from outright bans (e.g., a city banning pit bulls within city limits) to regulations like requiring certain breeds to always be muzzled in public or the owner to carry extra liability insurance. BSL has been highly controversial and as noted, the AVMA and CDC have questioned its effectiveness. Many states have actually prohibited municipalities from enacting breed-specific laws, shifting the focus to behavior-based regulations instead (like declaring a dog “dangerous” based on incidents, regardless of breed). If you travel or move, it’s good to be aware of local laws regarding your dog’s breed to avoid fines or confiscation. For victims of dog bites, BSL doesn’t necessarily help in getting compensation, but if you were attacked by a dog that’s regulated or banned (for example, a banned breed being owned illegally), that fact could potentially play into a legal case as evidence of the owner’s negligence.
Criminal liability: In the most extreme cases, if a dog seriously injures or kills someone, owners can face criminal charges. Typically, this happens if the owner was recklessly negligent or if the dog was known to be extremely aggressive. For instance, if an owner trained their dog to be vicious or let a known dangerous dog roam free, and then someone was maimed or killed, prosecutors in many states can charge the owner under criminal statutes (manslaughter, or specific dangerous dog laws). These cases are relatively rare but serve as a reminder that owning a dog comes with responsibilities under the law.

In summary, from a legal perspective, the breed of the dog doesn’t excuse an owner from liability. Whether a bite comes from a pit bull, a poodle, or a mixed-breed, the victim has the right to pursue a claim for their injuries. As personal injury attorneys, we often remind people that victims don’t need to prove the dog was a “dangerous breed” to recover damages. The focus in court is on the facts of the incident: Did the bite occur? Was the victim lawfully present (not trespassing)? Did the victim provoke the dog? If the answers indicate that the victim was innocent and hurt by the dog, then the owner is generally liable. For dog owners, this means you should assume full accountability for preventing bites – you can’t say “but my breed is usually friendly” as a defense. The flip side is, as an owner of a breed with a bad reputation, you shouldn’t be automatically presumed negligent either; a well-behaved dog that bites under highly unusual circumstances might still give you some defense (each case is unique). But broadly speaking, preventing bites is far better than arguing about them later in court.

One more consideration: if you are bitten by someone else’s dog, document everything – get medical treatment, report the bite to local animal control, and consider speaking with an attorney, especially if your injuries are significant. Medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering from a dog attack can be substantial, and you have a right to seek compensation from the dog’s owner (or through their insurance). Many people are hesitant because they don’t want the dog to be “punished,” but enforcing liability is also about encouraging responsible behavior. Often, a claim can be made against an insurance company without the dog being taken away or euthanized, unless the dog is truly dangerous and authorities decide on such a course.

Conclusion: Stay Safe and Informed

Dog bites are a complex issue because they involve beloved pets and human victims. Knowing which breeds are most often associated with bites can help you be more vigilant, but it should never be an excuse to stigmatize a breed or overlook the real root causes of aggression (which usually come down to training, environment, and owner responsibility). Whether your neighbor’s dog is a hulking Rottweiler or a tiny terrier, always interact with respect and caution until you know the dog well. And if you’re a dog owner, take proactive steps to prevent your dog from becoming a statistic on a list like this – no matter its breed.

If you or a loved one has been bitten by a dog, it’s important to understand that you have legal rights and options for recovery. Dog bite injuries can lead to significant medical bills, lasting scars, and emotional trauma, but you don’t have to bear those costs alone. The law in New York (and many other states) allows victims to hold dog owners accountable for bites and attacks.

At Hacker Murphy, LLP, we have extensive experience handling dog bite cases throughout Upstate New York. We understand the nuances of New York’s dog bite laws – including the recent changes that allow negligence claims for dog attacks – and we know how to build a strong case for compensation. Our team has seen the scenarios behind these statistics: from postal workers bitten by unsecured dogs to children scarred by a neighbor’s pet. We approach each case with the seriousness it deserves, and we also care about educating our community on safety and prevention (hence our emphasis on topics like these breeds and bite risks).

Stay safe, treat dogs responsibly, and remain informed. And if the worst happens – a dog bite injury – we’re here to help. Consulting with an experienced dog bite attorney can help you understand your rights and the next steps to take. In many cases, we can negotiate with the dog owner’s insurance to cover your medical costs, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Remember, seeking compensation is not about punishing the dog – it’s about getting you the support you need to heal and prompting better safety practices.

Dogs are often called our best friends, and with proper care and respect, they absolutely are. By being aware of the risks and responsibilities discussed above, we can all help reduce dog bite incidents while still enjoying the companionship and joy that dogs bring to our lives.

Sources

(The above sources provide data and expert analysis on dog bite incidents, which have been referenced throughout this article for accuracy. Remember that statistics can inform us of trends, but responsible pet ownership and proper education are the best tools for preventing dog bites.)